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61.
Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, Cmax and AUC0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver. 相似文献
62.
浅谈当前森林覆盖率计算的两个公式 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍计算森林覆盖率的2个公式,指出应该用(2)式计算森林覆盖率.分析了有林地面积、国家特别规定灌木林地面积、灌木林地面积与森林覆盖率的关系. 相似文献
63.
青海湖环湖区表土有机碳氮储量估算 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
分析了沿青海湖湖岸采集的81个表土样品的总有机碳和氮含量得出:环湖区表土有机碳储量为27.81×10^6t,总氮储量为30.24×10^5t。占研究区面积最大的栗钙土,其表层土壤有机碳密度(8.19kg/m^2)显著高于同类研究,氮含量(3.63mg/g)亦高于青海省同类土壤的平均值,说明环湖区表土碳氮储量都是相当大的... 相似文献
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Consumption of whole-wheat based products is encouraged due to their important nutritional elements that benefit human health. However, the use of whole-wheat flour is limited because of the poor processing and end-product quality. Bran was postulated as the major problem in whole wheat breadmaking. In this study, four major bran components including lipids, extractable phenolics (EP), hydrolysable phenolics (HP), and fiber were evaluated for their specific functionality in flour, dough and bread baking. The experiment was done by reconstitution approach using the 24 factorial experimental layout. Fiber was identified as a main component to have highly significant (P < 0.05) and negative influence on most breadmaking characteristics. Although HP had positive effect on farinograph stability, it was identified as another main factor that negatively impacted the oven spring and bread loaf volume. Bran oil and EP seemed to be detrimental to most breadmaking characteristics. Overall, statistical analysis indicates that influence of the four bran components are highly complex. The bran components demonstrate multi-way interactions in regards to their influence on dough and bread-making characteristics. Particularly, Fiber appeared to have a high degree of interaction with other bran components and notably influenced the functionality of those components in whole wheat bread-making. 相似文献
67.
Ernesto San-Blas Gabriel Paba Néstor Cubillán Edgar Portillo Ana M. Casassa-Padrón César González-González Mayamarú Guerra 《Plant pathology》2020,69(8):1589-1600
Plant parasitic nematodes are generally soilborne pathogens that attack plants and cause economic losses in many crops. The infested plants show nonspecific symptoms or, often, are symptomless; therefore, diagnosis is performed by taking soil and root tissue samples. Here, we show that a combination of different infrared spectra analysis and machine learning algorithms can be used to detect plant parasitic nematode infestations before symptoms become visible, using leaves instead of roots and soil as samples. We found that tomato and guava plants infested with Meloidogyne enterorlobii produced different spectral patterns compared to uninfested plants. Using partial spectra from 1,450 to 900/cm as the "fingerprint region", principal component analyses indicated that after 5 (tomatoes) or 8 weeks (guava), plants with no visible symptoms of infestations were positively diagnosed. To improve the early detection response, we used machine learning modelling. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to obtain more robust, accurate models. The SVM model contained 34 support vectors, 17 for each level. The overall performance of the model was >97% and the total accuracy was significantly higher, demonstrating the absence of chance prediction. The best prediction of infestation was obtained at the second and fourth weeks for tomatoes and guavas, respectively, reducing the diagnostic time by half. The combined application of these techniques reduces the processing time from field to laboratory and shows enormous advantages by avoiding root and soil sampling. 相似文献
68.
【目的】 系统分析连续11年增量施磷下赤红壤蔗地土壤全磷、Olsen-P以及地表径流磷流失量的变化特征和土壤磷素变化与磷盈亏、蔗茎产量的响应关系,为土壤磷素科学管理提供参考。【方法】 依托长期肥力及地表径流定位监测试验(2008年—),选取不施肥(CK)、推荐施肥(OPT)和增量施磷(OPT+P)3个处理,测定土壤全磷、Olsen-P含量及地表径流磷流失量,分析土壤磷素变化与磷累积盈亏量的关系,采用Mitscherlich模型拟合蔗茎产量对Olsen-P的响应曲线,计算土壤Olsen-P农学阈值,并推算施肥处理土壤Olsen-P含量从第11年降至环境阈值所需的时间。【结果】 CK处理逐年降低土壤全磷含量,年降速率为0.0251 g·kg -1·a -1。施肥土壤全磷和Olsen-P含量随种植年限波动增加,土壤全磷和Olsen-P增速率OPT+P处理高于OPT处理。不施肥土壤表观磷盈亏10.2 kg·hm -2·a -1,施肥处理土壤表观磷盈余41.3—69.2 kg·hm -2·a -1,占施磷量的31.9%—35.6%,以OPT+P处理显著高于OPT处理67.5%。施肥下赤红壤蔗区土壤全磷和Olsen-P变化量均与土壤累积磷盈亏量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01),土壤每累积盈余100 kg P·hm -2,OPT处理和OPT+P处理土壤全磷上升0.06 g·kg -1和0.09 g·kg -1,Olsen-P 含量上升11.0 mg·kg -1和9.1 mg·kg -1。土壤每累积亏缺100 kg P·hm -2,CK处理土壤全磷下降0.32 g·kg -1。Mitscherlich模型较好地拟合蔗茎产量与赤红壤Olsen-P含量的响应关系(P<0.01)。其计算出的土壤Olsen-P 农学阈值为12.1 mg·kg -1。施肥显著提高地表径流磷流失量,且OPT+P处理也显著高于OPT处理。地表径流磷流失量与土壤Olsen-P含量显著正相关。基于土壤磷素变化与累积磷盈亏的关系推算得出第11年OPT和OPT+P处理Olsen-P水平降至环境阈值的时间分别需要12年和16年。 【结论】 在南方赤红壤区,施肥尤其增量施磷在提高土壤磷素累积的同时增加了地表径流磷流失风险。在本试验磷的基础养分条件下,按OPT处理施磷,并从甘蔗种植的第2—3年实行隔年施磷可维持土壤磷素处于农学阈值与环境阈值之间。 相似文献
69.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the liver-protective effect of Chinese herbal compound probiotics (CHCP) on acute liver injury layers.One hundred and eight 1 day old hens were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 9 layers per replicate in trial 1.The layers in model groups Ⅰ to Ⅲ were gavaged with 10% (V/V) soybean oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (SCCl4) according to 1,2 and 4 mL/(kg·BW) at 14,28 and 35 d,respectively.The layers in control group were gavaged with 2 mL/(kg·BW) soybean oil.In trial 2,sixty 1 d layers were divided into 5 groups:Control group (soybean oil),model control group(SCCl4)and low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose CHCP group (SCCl4+1‰ CHCP,SCCl4+2‰ CHCP and SCCl4+4‰ CHCP respectively).CHCP were used by drinking water since 7 days.SCCl4 were gavaged according to 2 mL/(kg·BW) at 14 and 28 d.The results showed as follows:The model of layers liver damage could be built by intragastric administration of 2 mL/(kg·BW) 10%(V/V) SCCl4 at 14,28 d respectively,with the signs of hepatic steatosis,severe vacuolar degeneration,nuclear condensation and necrosis.Compared to the model control group,the serum AST levels in low,medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 4.35% (P > 0.05),7.57% (P > 0.05) and 9.79% (P < 0.05),the serum ALT levels in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 34.92% (P < 0.01),36.51% (P < 0.01),the serum total bilirubin content in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 25.49% (P < 0.01),27.45% (P < 0.01).The liver cell congestion was reduced to varying degrees in different dose CHCP groups,and the liver cell had no vacuoles,arranged in neat rows,abundant cytoplasm and uniform in different dose CHCP groups.In conclusion,2‰,4‰ CHCP could reduce hepatocyte necrosis,decrease the serum activities of ALT,AST and total bilirubin levels,and had protective effect on hepatic injury induced by SCCl4. 相似文献
70.
Effect of Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Rumen Degradability of Cassava Stems and Leaves Total Mixed Ration in Goat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The rumen degradations of TMR were studied in this experiment,in which cassava stems and leaves were used as roughage and formulated with concentrate in different proportions.The purpose of this study was to formulate the available TMR for finishing goat,and provide a theoretical basis for the applications of cassava stems and leaves in goat production.Six Hainan Black goats with permanent rumen fistulas were selected,the rumen degradabilities of DM,CP,NDF and ADF of TMR with 6 different concentrate to forage ratio(2:8,3:7,4:6,5:5,6:4 and 7:3)were tested using nylon bag method.The results showed that,the DM effective degradabilities at the ratio of 4:6,5:5,6:4,7:3 were significantly higher than that of 2:8 and 3:7(P<0.05).CP effective degradabilities at the ratio of 2:8,3:7,4:6 were significantly higher than that of 5:5,6:4 and 7:3(P<0.05).The NDF effective degradation at the ratio of 5:5 was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05).The ADF degradation at the ratio of 3:7 was significantly higher than that of 4:6,5:5, 6:4 and 7:3(P<0.05).The results indicated that,the nutrient degradation in rumen were higher when the concentrate to forage(cassava stems and leaves)ratio in TMR were 3:7,4:6 and 5:5,and the recommended ratio range were 4:6 to 5:5 in production practice. 相似文献